Pirumov – Gas Dynamics of Nozzles
Pirumov’s book, Gas Dynamics of Nozzles, provides a systematic presentation of currently available information on gas flows in nozzles. Various physical processes accompanying gas flows in nozzles are considered, including chemical reactions, vibrational relaxation, and two-phase flow. The influence of viscosity, spatial and transient effects, the presence of gas layers with different physical properties in the flow, and flow swirl on nozzle characteristics are studied. The book presents the main analytical, asymptotic, and numerical methods for studying such flows. Various aspects of practical applications are covered.
For specialists studying the gas dynamics of internal flows and applied mathematics.
Pirumov’s book, Gas Dynamics of Nozzles, describes the complex gas-dynamic processes occurring in nozzles.
Nozzles are currently used to solve many scientific and technical problems. Historically, nozzles were first used in steam turbines, where they were introduced by the Swedish engineer de Laval. The development of high-speed aerodynamics necessitated the development of laboratory methods for the experimental study of high-speed flows and paved the way for the use of nozzles in wind tunnels. In recent decades, another area of practical application for nozzles has emerged as working fluid generators in MHD devices and in gasdynamic and chemical lasers.
Methods for solving partial differential equations describing gas flows in nozzles are varied. The complexity of the problem lies not only in the large number of such equations required to describe nonequilibrium processes, but also in the fact that their types vary in different regions of the nozzle. For steady flow in the subsonic region, the corresponding system of partial differential equations is elliptical, in the transonic region, it is parabolic, and in the supersonic region, it is hyperbolic. Thus, the study of nozzle flows involves various areas of modern physics, and the solution of the equations describing the flow involves the fundamental types of equations in mathematical physics. These circumstances led to the development of an essentially independent branch of gas dynamics—physical gas dynamics of internal flows.
The scope of application of the methods and results presented in this monograph is continually expanding. Theoretical, computational, and analytical methods of physical gas dynamics of internal flows are currently used to address problems of air pollution control. These methods allow one to describe the formation and transformation of toxic components in steam generators of thermal power plants, internal combustion engines, and various metallurgical installations.
Physical gas dynamics methods can be used in meteorology and powder metallurgy.
